Zasoby pracy w polskich gospodarstwach z perspektywy pracowniczych spółdzielni rolniczych
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53098/wir.2017.3.176/04Słowa kluczowe:
rolnicze spółdzielnie produkcyjne, podmioty rolne, zatrudnienie, rentownośćAbstrakt
W artykule skupiono się na porównaniu wielkości zasobów pracy pomiędzy spółdzielniami i innymi typami przedsiębiorstw w polskim rolnictwie. W szczególności celem artykułu było przeanalizowanie wynikających z tego różnic w kontekście zatrudnienia. Analiza empiryczna została wykonana na przykładzie polskich rolniczych spółdzielni produkcyjnych oraz innych podmiotów rolnych. Artykuł przynosi odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: czy rolnicze spółdzielnie produkcyjne zapewniają większe zatrudnienie niż pozostałe podmioty rolne? Jaki był i jaki będzie poziom zatrudnienia w rolniczych spółdzielniach produkcyjnych i innych podmiotach rolnych? Jak poziom zatrudnienia wpływa na rentowność rolniczych spółdzielni produkcyjnych i innych podmiotów rolnych? Wnioski zostały opracowane na podstawie analizy „Lista 300 najlepszych przedsiębiorstw rolnych” przygotowanej przez Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy. Podmiotami analizy były następujące przedsiębiorstwa rolne: rolnicze spółdzielnie produkcyjne, spółki skarbu państwa, indywidualne gospodarstwa rolne, spółki prywatne i inne podmioty rolne. Zakres czasowy badań obejmował lata 2009–2015. W porównaniach wykorzystano analizę wariancji, metodę ekstrapolacji oraz analizę korelacji.Najważniejszy wniosek jest taki, że nie występują jasne, istotne różnice pomiędzy rolniczymi spółdzielniami produkcyjnymi i innymi podmiotami rolnymi w kontekście poziomu zatrudnienia, jego wpływu na rentowność oraz częściowo jego wzrostu. Jednak niektóre ze spółdzielni są zdolne do kreowania nowych miejsc pracy. Ponadto potrafią zwiększać rentowność sprzedaży wraz ze wzrostem zatrudnienia i utrzymywać dotychczasowe miejsca pracy nawet w czasach globalnego kryzysu.
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